Lifestyle

The  population of the Tiwa tribe in Assam is estimated to be around 200,000 to 300,000 individuals. The Tiwa people in Assam primarily inhabit the western part of the Nagaon district also reside in parts of the Morigaon district.

This population includes both Plains Tiwas and Hill Tiwas, distributed across various regions within the state. The Tiwa tribe’s way of life is deeply intertwined with their environment and cultural practices. Their houses are typically constructed using locally available materials such as bamboo, thatch, and wood. These traditional homes are often elevated on stilts to protect against floods during the monsoon season. In terms of livelihood, agriculture forms the backbone of their economy.

Both Plains and Hill Tiwas engage in agricultural activities, but their techniques and crops may vary based on their geographical location. The Plains Tiwas, residing in the fertile plains of the Brahmaputra valley, cultivate crops such as rice, vegetables, and fruits. They often practice wet rice cultivation, taking advantage of the region’s abundant water resources. The Hill Tiwas, on the other hand, inhabit hilly terrains where agriculture is more challenging.

They may practice shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, where they clear small patches of forest for cultivation. They grow crops like rice, maize, millet, and vegetables, rotating their cultivation sites to allow the land to regenerate. Apart from agriculture, the Tiwa people also engage in activities such as animal husbandry, fishing, and weaving.

Livestock like cattle, goats, and poultry are raised for meat, milk, and other products. Fishing is particularly important for communities living near rivers and streams. Also,traditional crafts like bamboo weaving and pottery are practiced, providing supplemental income and preserving cultural heritage. Overall, the Tiwa tribe’s lifestyle reflects a harmonious relationship with nature, where they depend on traditional agricultural practices and local resources for their sustenance and livelihood.